Ingredient caution: high-strength niacinamide might cause flushing, tingling or small bumps in reactive skin; azelaic acid might cause tingling, dryness or redness in sensitive skin; preservatives such as phenoxyethanol/benzyl alcohol might sting very sensitive or compromised skin; humectants such as hyaluronic acid/glycerin are usually gentle but might feel sticky or tight if not sealed with moisturiser. Do a patch test before applying. First-time users should start 3–4 times a week and reduce frequency if redness or bumps appear. First-time users should start 3–4 times a week and pair with sunscreen, because pigmentation care works best with UV protection. Do not apply on broken, freshly waxed or irritated skin. Apply on slightly damp skin and follow with moisturiser if dryness occurs. Stop use if irritation persists.